About six-in-ten teens living in households earning $75,000 or more (62%) say they use it. ChatGPT use is more common among teens in higher-income households. Black and White teens differ modestly in their use of ChatGPT and Character.ai. Black and Hispanic teens are more likely than their White peers to say they use Gemini and Meta AI. ChatGPT (59%) is by far the most widely used chatbot and the only one we measured that a majority of teens use.
Even as teens express mixed feelings about social media’s impact, these sites remain a key part of their lives, with some using them “almost constantly.” Here are the questions used for this report, along with responses, and the survey methodology. The KnowledgePanel is a probability-based web panel recruited primarily through national, random sampling of residential addresses. Ipsos recruited the teens via their parents, who were part of its KnowledgePanel.
What qualifies for the R&D tax credit?
AI experts are far more positive than the public about AI’s potential, including on jobs. These surveys reveal both deep divides and common ground on AI. However, the in-depth interviews are not representative of any demographic group or AI experts as a whole. The interviews were designed to give AI experts across a range of different demographic dimensions, including race, ethnicity and gender, a chance to elaborate on their views.
Gather and organize data
Larger shares of experts than of U.S. adults see AI as personally beneficial. Here are the key findings from surveys of U.S. adults and AI experts conducted in 2024, and in-depth interviews with experts. They are only representative of the views of experts who responded to the survey. To understand the views of AI experts, we surveyed 1,013 AI experts living in the United States from Aug. 14 to Oct. 31, 2024. This report includes findings from a survey of U.S. adults, a survey of AI experts and a series of in-depth interviews with experts.
Public Trust in Government: 1958-2025
The preeminence of Japan in consumer electronics, cameras, and motorcycles and its strong position in the world automobile market attest to the success of its efforts in product innovation and development. Applied research carries the findings of basic research to a point where they can be exploited to meet a specific need, while the development stage of research and development includes the steps necessary to bring a new or modified product or process into production. In modern programs of industrial research and development, basic research (sometimes called pure research) is usually not entirely “pure”; it is commonly directed toward a generalized goal, such as the investigation of a frontier of technology that promises to address the problems of a given industry.
R&D by Type of R&D
The next-largest shares in 2021 were for Washington (8%); Massachusetts (7%); Texas (5%); and New York, New Jersey, and Michigan (4% each).Selected below state–level statistics are also available from the NCSES BERD Survey (Shackelford and Wolfe 2019). Geographical locations of the performance of U.S. business R&D are not evenly distributed among the states. Had the companies under this threshold been included in the 2018 estimates, they would have contributed approximately $90 million to overall R&D expenditures. Industry classification is based on the dominant business code for domestic R&D performance, when available. The rest of this section focuses on R&D activities by businesses with 10 or more domestic employees from the NCSES BERD Survey. Industry classification was based on the dominant business code for domestic R&D performance, where available.
U.S. R&D expenditures by type of R&D and source of funds: Selected years, 1970–2022
And while 47% of experts surveyed say they are more excited than concerned about the increased use of AI in daily life, that share drops to 11% among the public. Roughly similar shares of White (16%), Black (14%), Hispanic (20%) and Asian (22%) adults say they trust the federal government “most of the time” or “just about always.” In a pattern seen in previous Center surveys, a larger share of teens who identify as Democrats than Republicans say they use TikTok, Instagram, Reddit and YouTube. The shares of teens who use other sites or apps, like YouTube, TikTok and Instagram, have stayed relatively stable in recent years. Gain unlimited access to more than 250 productivity Templates, CFI’s full course catalog and accredited Certification Programs, hundreds of resources, expert reviews and support, the chance to work with real-world finance and research tools, and more.
Detecting content created by AI versus humans
- They made up a similar share (17%) of the sources listed in standard search results.
- The higher education sector has been the second-largest performer since 2002, remaining slightly ahead of the federal government sector since then.
- R&D doesn’t usually result in an instant payoff — it’s a long-term investment that, over time, can lead to improved productivity, profitability, and unique proprietary assets.
- The largest recipient sectors of federal R&D funding in 2022 were higher education (30%), intramural federal R&D (29%), businesses (17%), and FFRDCs (16%) (NCSES 2024, Table 6).
That year, 47% of adults prioritized protecting Americans’ rights to own guns, while 52% said controlling gun ownership was more important. Most Republicans, on the other hand, support allowing teachers and school officials to carry guns in K-12 schools (74%) and allowing people to carry concealed guns in more places (71%). There is broad partisan agreement on some gun policy proposals, but most are politically divisive. Another 26% say that U.S. gun laws are about right, while 15% favor less strict gun laws. While 86% of Democrats say it is too easy to obtain a gun legally, far fewer Republicans (34%) say the same. Gun owners, in turn, are more than twice as likely as nonowners to say the ease of obtaining a gun is about right (48% vs. 20%).
Section 174A allows a deduction for any domestic R&E expenditures paid or incurred by the taxpayer during the taxable year. But the tax issues around R&D investment and acquisitions are complex and, like many other aspects of corporate tax planning, require forethought and a deep understanding of recent changes. In research and development randd the sectors mentioned above, R&D shapes the corporate strategy and is how companies provide differentiated offerings. From a broad perspective, consistent R&D spending enables a company to stay ahead of the curve, while anticipating changes in customer demands or upcoming trends.
To further explore expert views, we conducted 30 in-depth interviews with AI experts from Oct. 18 to Nov. 26, 2024. Because there is no definitive source of population benchmarks for this group, responses from the expert survey are unweighted. Surveys were conducted online, and experts were asked to confirm that they live in the U.S. and that their work or research relates to AI before proceeding. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other factors.
Statistics are representative of companies located in the United States that performed or funded $50,000 or more of R&D and are not comparable with estimates published for years prior to 2018. Modular production and cost advantages in Asia facilitated the separation of design and production starting in the late 1970s and early 1980s with the emergence of chip foundries in Taiwan and other Southeast Asian locations performing contract manufacturing for design-only or fabless companies in the United States and other countries (Kuan and West 2023). This section covers U.S. business R&D by the semiconductor manufacturing industry, followed by analysis of software, AI, nanotechnology, and biotechnology R&D across industries.Companies could report expenditure on the same R&D project in one, more than one, or no technology category. A All R&D is the cost of R&D paid for and performed by the respondent company and paid for by others outside of the company and performed by the respondent company. In the manufacturing sector, aerospace products and parts had one of the lowest shares of R&D funded internally (46%). In the information industry, this share is 99% (Table RD-7).
Shape the Future with Innovation and Intelligence
Year-over-year increases in U.S. total R&D expenditures averaged $19.1 billion (4.1% compound average growth rate CAGRAll growth rate calculations are reported using compound annual growth rates unless otherwise noted.) over the 2011–16 period. The “Data Sources, Limitations, and Availability” section at the end of this InfoBrief summarizes the main data sources and methodology and provides further details on the data. (All amounts and calculations are reported in current dollars unless otherwise noted.) Using previous NCSES data, researchers have documented a shift in corporate R&D away from research (basic and applied research combined),For example, see Mowery DC. The estimated total for 2022, based on performer-reported expectations, is $885.6 billion. An official website of the United States government
- Nonfederal government R&D performance in 2022 was estimated to be $697 million, averaging $655 million from 2010 to 2022 in constant dollars.
- Young people turn to a variety of platforms, but YouTube stands out for being used by nearly all teens.
- State agency intramural R&D performance in 2021 totaled $685 million—a small share (about 0.1%) of the U.S. total (table 1 and table 4).
- One of LEGO’s primary R&D efforts aims at developing sustainable production methods.
- Instead, R&D expenses are expected to contribute to long-term profitability and innovation.
- With LogRocket, you can understand the scope of the issues affecting your product and prioritize the changes that need to be made.
Some 12,593 of these searches produced an AI summary to accompany the standard search results. An even larger share (73%) says that AI should play no role in advising people about their faith in God. In their own lives, about six-in-ten say they’d like more control over how AI is used, compared with 17% who are comfortable with their amount of control and 21% who are unsure.
Businesses also funded the largest share of applied research (62%). Accordingly, small percentage changes in the historical data may not be meaningful. Prior to 2010, however, some changes were introduced in the questionnaires of the sectoral expenditure surveys to improve the accuracy of respondents’ classification of their R&D by type. Data throughout the time series reported here are consistently based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Frascati Manual 2015 (OECD 2015) definitions for basic research, applied research, and experimental development. A Some data for 2021 are preliminary and may be revised later.b The data for 2022 are estimates and are likely to be revised later.
Without the capitalization of R&D spending, it is more challenging to compare companies in the same industry, as the timing of their research spending can have a big impact on their bottom line in a given year. Research and development is a long-term investment for most companies resulting in many years of revenue, cash flow, and profit, and, thus, should theoretically be capitalized as an asset, not expensed. If a company doesn’t capitalize research and development, its net income can be significantly higher or lower because of the timing of R&D spending. Learn how and when to capitalize research and development costs Though these changes have created a more complex audit environment, taxpayers claiming the R&D credit shouldn’t be discouraged. It’s important to have robust documentation and consult with reputable tax professionals to ensure compliance and minimize audit risk.
As you can see there is a heavy focus on financial modeling, finance, Excel, business valuation, budgeting/forecasting, PowerPoint presentations, accounting and business strategy. Based on these assumptions, the company would have a $16,000 amortization expense each year, for five years, until it reaches the residual value of $20,000. R&D amortization for a mobile phone company, however, should be amortized much faster (a smaller number of years) since new phones tend to emerge much more quickly and, thus, come with shorter shelf lives. The amortizable life will differ from asset to asset and reflects the economic life of the various products. To capitalize and estimate the value of these assets, an analyst needs to estimate how many years a product or technology will generate benefit for (its economic life) and use that as an assumption for the amortization period. Additionally, this issue seems to contradict one of the main accounting principles, which is that expenses should be matched to the same period when the corresponding revenue is generated.